Статья на английском языке на тему спорт. Тема спорт на английском языке

Виды спорта (Kinds of sports)

Diving- ныряние, прыжки в воду

Ice-skating- фигурное катание

To skate- кататься на коньках

Skiing- лыжный спорт

To go skiing- кататься на лыжах

Chess- шахматы

Play chess- играть в шахматы

Sailing- парусный спорт

To sail- плавать в море на корабле, яхте и т.д.

Motor racing- гонки

Horse- racing- конный спорт

To ride a horse- кататься на лошади

Shot put- метание ядра

Hockey- хоккей

Cycling- велосипедный спорт

To ride a bike- кататься на велосипеде

High jump- прыжок в высоту

Football- футбол

Badminton- бадминтон

Boxing- бокс

Basketball- баскетбол

Baseball- бейсбол

Fencing- фехтование

Discus throwing- метание диска

Golf- гольф

Rugby-регби

Table tennis- настольный теннис

Wrestling- борьба

Volleyball- волейбол

Swimming- плавание

Спортивное оборудование (Sport equipment)

Skates- коньки

Puck- шайба

Hockey stick- хоккейная клюшка

Weights- штанга

Club - клюшка для гольфа

Bat- ракетка для настольного тенниса; бейсбольная бита

Gym- спортзал

Saddle- седло

Слова и выражения (Words and expressions)

Team- команда

To do sports- заниматься спортом

To win- выиграть

Training session- тренировка

Player- игрок

Coach- тренер

Championship- чемпионат

Score - счёт

To play in a draw- сыграть вничью

First- place finisher- занявший первое место

Runner- up- занявший второе место

Диалоги (Dialogues)

- Do you like sport?

Yes. I am fond of sport

How often do you do sports?

Twice a week

What`s your favorite kind of sports?

I like skating


- Тебе нравится спорт?

Да, я обожаю спорт

Как часто ты занимаешься спортом?

Два раза в неделю

Какой твой любимый вид спорта?

Я люблю кататься на коньках

- How long will you continue playing chess?

Tomorrow will be the last time

Thanks God, I`m fed up with it.

Why don`t you like playing chess?

I don`t know. I can`t explain

Как долго ты будешь продолжать играть в шахматы?

Завтра будет последний раз.

Славу Богу. Мне так это надоело

Почему ты не любишь играть в шахматы?

Я не знаю. Не могу объяснить

- I need to buy hockey sticks. How much does it cost?

I think, it`s not very expensive. We should go to sport shop.

Ok. Tomorrow I will drop by there.

Мне надо купить хоккейные клюшки. Сколько они стоят?

Я думаю, не очень дорого. Нам надо сходить в спортивный магазин.

Хорошо. Завтра я забегу туда.

Сегодня нами будет разобрана лексика по теме спорт на английском языке. Спорт достаточно прочно вошел в нашу жизнь. Мы занимаемся фитнесом, ходим в тренажерный зал, посещаем игры по волейболу и футболу и т.д. Практически каждый житель Земли смотрит спортивные новости и видео, и, конечно же, говорит о спорте. Специально для вас нами была сделана подборка актуальных конструкций на тему «Спорт». Выучив их, вы без преград сможете поддержать беседу на данную тему с англоговорящим собеседником. Все конструкции сгруппированы по начальным буквам русского алфавита.

Виды спорта на английском Перевод
mountaineering альпинизм
climbing альпинизм; сказлолазание
American football американский футбол
aerobics аэробика
badminton бадминтон
basketball баскетбол
running бег
jogging бег трусцой
baseball бейсбол
martial arts боевые искусства
boxing бокс
wrestling борьба
ten-pin bowling боулинг
windsurfing виндсёрфинг
water polo водное поло
water skiing водные лыжи
volleyball волейбол
handball гандбол
gymnastics гимнастика
golf гольф
motor racing гонки
rowing гребля
canoeing гребля на байдарках и каноэ
judo дзюдо
darts дротики
cycling езда на велосипеде
bowls игра в шары
yoga йога
karate каратэ
go-karting картинг
inline skating или rollerblading катание на роликовых коньках
kick boxing кик-бокс
horse riding конный спорт
cricket крикет
lacrosse лакросс (игра с мячом и ракетками-клюшками)
athletics лёгкая атлетика
skiing лыжный спорт
table tennis настольный теннис
netball нетбол
hunting охота
hiking пешие прогулки на природе
swimming плавание
sailing плавание; мореходство
beach volleyball пляжный волейбол
scuba diving подводное плавание со скубой
weightlifting поднятие тяжестей
diving прыжки в воду; ныряние
pool пул (вид бильярдной игры)
rugby регби
fishing рыбалка
surfing сёрфинг
horse racing скачки; бега
squash сквош
skateboarding скейтбординг; катание на роликовой доске
snowboarding сноуборд
snooker снукер (вид бильярдной игры)
shooting стрельба
archery стрельба из лука
tennis теннис
ice skating фигурное катание
football футбол
walking ходьба
hockey хоккей
ice hockey хоккей на льду

Фразы, использующиеся в футболе и необходимые для болельщиков

Футбольная тематика Перевод
penalty spot 11-метровая отметка, с которой бьют пенальти
to take a penalty бить пенальти
to kick the ball бить по мячу
touchline боковая линия поля; фланг
supporter болельщик
to be sent off быть удалённым с поля
throw-in вброс мяча
goalpost или post ворота
goalkeeper вратарь
goal гол
to book дать желтую карточку
yellow card жёлтая карточка
to score a goal забить гол
header игра головой
player игрок
red card красная карточка
World Cup Кубок Мира
booking нарушение правил, за которое игрок получает жёлтую карточку
foul нарушение; фол
to head the ball отбить мяч головой
offside офсайд, положение вне игры
pass Пас
penalty пенальти; штрафной удар
to pass the ball передать мяч; пассовать
crossbar или bar Перекладина
tackle перехватывание мяча
net Сетка
half-way line средняя линия
referee Судья
linesman судья на линии
half-time тайм; половина игры
corner kick или corner угловой удар
to send off удалить с поля
shot удар
goal kick удар от ворот
to shoot ударить (мяч)
fan фанат
football club футбольный клуб
penalty area шрафная площадь
free kick штрафной удар

Места, в которых занимаются спортом. Плакаты в общественных местах часто содержат данные конструкции.

Спортивная лексика, связанная с велосипедом

Термин Перевод лексической конструкции
bicycle pump велосипедный насос
to ride a bicycle или to ride a bike ездить на велосипеде
bell звонок
inner tube камера шины
wheel колесо
pedal педаль
gears переключатель скоростей
puncture проколотая шина
to have a puncture проколоть шину
puncture repair kit ремонтный набор для проколотой шины
handlebars руль велосипеда
saddle сидение
spokes спицы
brake тормоз
chain цепи
tyre шина

Оборудование, предназначенное для занятий спортом

Словарь Перевод
baseball bat бейсбольная бита
cricket bat бита для игры в крикет
football boots бутсы; обувь для игры в футбол
pool cue кий
golf club клюшка для игры в гольф
ice skates коньки
running shoes кроссовки; обувь для бега
skis лыжи
ball мяч
rugby ball мяч для игры в регби
boxing glove перчатки для бокса
badminton racquet ракетка для игры в бадминтон
squash racquet ракетка для игры в сквош
skateboard скейтборд; роликовая доска
tennis racquet теннисная ракетка
fishing rod удочка
football футбольный мяч
hockey stick хоккейная клюшка

Настольные игры

Высказывания, связанные с картами

Конструкция Перевод
blackjack блекджек
bridge бридж
diamonds бубны
jack Валет
trick взятка
queen дама
joker джокер
card карта
hand карты (на руках)
pack of cards колода карт
king король
suit масть
spades пики
poker покер
to deal the cards сдавать карты
to cut the cards снимать колоду
to shuffle the cards тасовать карты
your turn! твой ход!
clubs трефы
ace туз
hearts черви

Термины, связанные с шахматами

Конструкция Перевод
to take или to capture забрать фигурку противника
knight конь
queen королева
king король
rook или castle ладья
stalemate пат
pawn пешка
to castle рокировать(ся)
to resign сдаваться
bishop слон
your move! твой ход!
move ход
to move ходить
good move! хороший ход!
check шах
checkmate шах и мат
chessboard шахматная доска
piece шахматная фигура

Термины, обозначающие спортивные мероприятия.

Они необходимы для понимания постеров, встречающихся в общественных местах.

Иные слова, связанные со спортивной тематикой

Конструкция Перевод выражений
to win выиграть
win выигрыш
game игра
to play играть
to play away играть «в гостях» или не на своём поле
to play at home играть на своем поле; «дома»
match матч
spectator наблюдатель
to watch наблюдать; смотреть
fixture назначенный день спортивных соревнований
draw ничья
Olympic Games олимпийские игры
victory победа
winner победитель
defeat поражение
loser проигравший
to lose проиграть
loss проигрыш
result результат
opponent соперник
competition состязание; соревнование
umpire судья
score счёт, количество очков
to draw сыграть вничью
league table табло

Спорту посвящено много цитат. А афоризмы игроков встречаются повсеместно. Это связано с тем, что роль спорта с каждым годом возрастает в обществе. Благодаря нашей подборке лексики по актуальной теме спорт на английском языке вы не только сможете понимать спортивные новости, но и сможете общаться без преград на данную тематику.

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Our project on the topic:

“ Sport”

Group 241

Contents:

  • Sport is important in our life
  • Sport and games
  • Sport in Russia
  • Sport in Great Britain
  • Sport in the USA
  • Sport in Australia
  • The Olympic games
  • Kinds of Sport:

Ice Hockey

Football

Basketball

Tennis

Cycling

Windsurfing

Skiing

Ice Skaying

Extreme Sports

Presentation on the topic “ SPORT”

Tennis

We all need exercise. This is true for young people (in their teens) as well as for adults. Even if you don"t plan make sports your main occupation. This is my opinion and I feel like it is true.

As long as I can remember myself I was always keen on tennis. I love this sportwith its old noble traditions, though myself never dreamed of becoming anything more than an amateur.

I watch closely all tennis competitions and championships. There are a lot of them, but my favourite championship is Wimbledon because old tennis traditions remains there as they are. Some of the most well-known Wimbledon champions are: John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Steffi Graf, Monica Seles. My dream is to get a chance to watch at least one of them playing.

And meantime I play tennis with my friends. It is also a great opportunity to socialize with people who have similar interest (as any sport I suppose).

Football

I am going to tell you about the history of football, one the most popular sport games all over the World.

Football is a popular sport played all over the world. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American countries and of many other nations.

Millions of people in more than 140 countries play football. Football is played in the Olympics. Games similar to football were played in China as early as 400 ВС. Egyptians played a kind of football too. They played games involving the kicking of a ball. In about 200 AD the Romans played a game in which two teams tried to score by advancing a ball across a line on the field. The Romans passed the ball to one another but they never kicked it.

London children in about 1100 played a form of soccer in the streets. During the 1800"s the people of England played a game similar to football. Many rules changed and each person interpreted the rules differently. Now, the sport has grown to a global scale, including men"s and women"s teams and the World Cup and European Championship competitions, which is played every four years. Also there is League of Champions and FIFA Cup competitions which take place every year in Europe.

Football originated with kicking games played by people in ancient times. The modern version came from England. Football was not that popular kind of game until the mid-1900s.

It started as a game involving kicking and handing, but late} this branched off into two separate sports: rugby and football, which is what the Americans call soccer. Around the late nineteenth century, English football began spreading over Europe. The United States was one of the last to implement football as a national sport. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913.

The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been played every four years except during World War II. The North American Soccer League (NASL) was formed in 1968. But it didn"t gain popularity until the 1970"s.

The rules of play for soccer are simple. The referee makes most of the decisions and attempts to encourage fair play. The game starts off with a kick off and the teams are allowed to pass, dribble, juggle, head, kick and shoot the ball to place it down the field, and (hopefully or eventually) into their opponent"s goal.

If the ball is kicked off the field over the length of the field, the other team is given a throw-in, where the ball is thrown over the player"s head, and back onto the field. If the ball is kicked over the goal or across the width of the field, either a corner kick results, realizing by the offensive team, where the ball is placed on the corner of the field and kicked into play or the defensive team is awarded a kick, where the ball is placed on the corner of the goal box, and kicked back into play. If a goal is scored, the ball is taken back to the centre of the field and the team, scored against, kicks off and keeps playing.

Sports and Games

People all over the world are very fond of sports and games. That is one thing in which people of every nationality and class are united.

The most popular outdoor winter sports are shooting, hunting, hockey and in the countries where the weather is frosty and there is much snow-skating, skiing and tobogganing. Some people greatly enjoy figure-skating and ski-jumping.

Summer affords excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, yachting, cycling, gliding and many other sports. Among outdoor games football takes the first place in public interest. This game is played in all the countries of the world. The other favourite games in different countries are golf, tennis, cricket, volleyball, basketball and so on. Badminton is also very popular.

All the year round many people indulge in boxing, wrestling, athletics, gymnastics and track and field events. A lot of girls and women go in for callisthenics.

Among indoor games the most popular are billiards, table tennis, draughts and some others, but the great international game is chess of course. The results of chess tournaments are studied and discussed by thousands of enthusiasts in different countries.

So we may say that sport is one of the things that makes all people kin.

Ice hockey

Ice hockey is one of the most action-paced of sports, demanding skillful skating, expert stick-handling, and masterly puck control.

The game developed in the frozen expanses of North America, and a hundred years ago became the national winter sport of Canada. It also became very popular in the northern states of the United States, and later spread to Europe, Japan, and even to Australia.

The game probably arose from boys playing on the ice. The kids probably fashioned pucks from frozen «horse apples» and adapted tree branches as hockey sticks, and played on cleared stretches of frozen lakes and rivers, and backyard rinks. Soon it was inevitable that teams began to play against each other and leagues were formed. The earliest mention of the team ice hockey game is a newspaper description of the game played at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal in 1875.

Originally the leagues and national competitions in Canada were amateur. In 1917 the first professional league was formed, the National Hockey League (or NHL), with four clubs - Montreal Canadians, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, and Toronto Arenas. Later clubs were formed in American cities, and the NHL spread to the United States. In 1972 a rival professional organisation was formed, the World Hockey Association (or WHA).

In 1893 Lord Stanley, the Governor-General of Canada, presented a silver trophy, the Stanley Cup to the winners and play-offs for the Stanley Cup began, which then became the symbol of professional hockey supremacy.

Canadian-style ice hockey spread rapidly in Europe between the two World Wars. In the northern countries it had to compete against bandy.

Hockey is a team game played on an ice surface, known as a rink. Six players - a goalkeeper, two defence -men, and three forwards - constitute a side.

The game is divided into three periods, each lasting twenty minutes of actual playing time with -10-minute intervals. There are five face-off spots whereby the puck is dropped by the referee between the sticks of two players. After a goal is scored, the puck is brought back to center ice for another face-off.

The playing area (rink) is 188 to 200 feet long, and about 85 feet wide. The playing area is subdivided into three zones - defensive, neutral and attacking - by two blue lines (called off-side lines) teams defensive zone is that zone where the goal cage, which it is defending, is located. The zone at- the opposite end of the rink is known as the teams attacking zone.

The area between is known as the neutral zone and is divided at the centre by a red line. This line plays an important role in the game’s body checking regulations. Players are subject to a variety of penalties leading to their dismissal from the ice for two minutes or more, thus giving the other team a one-man advantage for the duration of the penalty or until a goal is scored.

Ice Skating

ICE SKATING, a sport brought to North America from Europe in the 1740s, takes three basic forms. Figure skating, solo or in pairs, includes jumps and spins with varying degrees of difficulty, combined with movement and dance. Speed skating (and short-track speed skating) is racing on ice. Ice hockey is a team sport played on ice. In the mid-nineteenth century, skates were made of steel with straps and clamps to fasten them to shoes. Later in the century, the blade with the permanently attached shoe was developed by the American ballet dancer and vanguard figure skater Jackson Haines, who also introduced the elements of dance and music into the previously rigid form of figure skating.

British soldiers stationed in Canada introduced a game called "shinty," which combined field hockey with ice skates. The game was originally played with a ball, but in the 1860s a puck was introduced. Regulations and associations quickly developed to govern the popular and reckless sport, and in 1892 the Canadian governor general, Frederick Arthur, Lord Stanley of Preston, donated a cup to be given to the top Canadian team after an annual playoff. The Stanley Cup is still the object the National Hockey League (NHL) competes for in its championship games. Professional women"s hockey debuted in the late 1990s.

The first recorded speed-skating race in England was in the Fens during 1814. World championships for speed skating (men only) began in the 1890s. In 1892, the world governing body of both speed and figure skating-The International Skating Union (ISU)-was founded. Six years later, the first ISU-sanctioned event was held. In 1914, pioneer figure skater George H. Browne organized the first International Figure Skating Championships of America under the sponsorship of the ISU of America. In 1921, the United States Figure Skating Association (USFSA) was formed to govern the sport and promote its national growth.

As an Olympic sport, figure skating (considered an indoor sport) debuted in the 1908 Olympic Summer Games in London, with competitions held for men, women, and pairs. It became a winter sport at the first-ever 1924 Winter Games in Chamonix, France. Originally, figure skating was executed in a stiff, formal style. Compulsory movements consisted of curves and turns, in or against the direction of movement, and executed to form several circle forms in a row. Although music, more fluid movements, pirouettes, spins, and ever-increasing athleticism were continually added to the performance roster, compulsory figures remained a part of Olympic competition until 1991. Ice hockey was included in the summer Olympics in 1920 and in the inaugural winter games of 1924, where men"s speed skating was also an event. Women"s speed-skating championships were first held in 1936 and included in the Olympics in 1960. Ice dancing, a figureskating discipline, became an Olympic event in 1976 and short-track speed skating in 1992.

American skaters have won more Olympic medals to date-forty by 2002-than competitors from any other country. The first American Olympic skating gold medal winner was Charles Jewtraw, who won the 500-meter speed-skating event in 1924. That same year, Beatrix Loughran took the silver medal for women"s figure skating. The winning tradition continued through the turn of the twenty-first century, with Tara Lipinski winning the gold in 1998, and Sarah Hughes winning the gold in 2002. During the last decades of the twentieth centuries, many Olympic medallists such as Dorothy Hamill, Peggy Fleming, and Scott Hamilton enjoyed lasting popularity, and figure skating competitions became highly watched events.

SKIING

SKIING. Petroglyphs and archaeological evidence suggest that skiing emerged at least 5,000 years ago in Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the northern reaches of Russia and China. The first skis were probably ten feet long and had only loose willow or leather toe straps, which made it nearly impossible for the skier to turn or jump while in motion. Early skiers-hunters, midwives, priests, and others who had to travel across deep winter snow-dragged a single long pole to slow themselves down.

The Norwegians developed modern skiing in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. By adding heel straps to skis, they were able to gain more control on descents and make quicker, tighter turns. These first rough bindings allowed skiers to use shorter skis and two poles instead of one. Around 1820, Norwegians began racing each other and staged the first ski-jumping competitions.

When Norwegians emigrated to the United States in the mid-1800s, they brought skiing with them. Many flocked to lumber and mining camps, where their ability to move quickly through the mountains in mid-winter proved to be an invaluable asset. In 1856, a Norwegian farmer named John "Snowshoe" Thompson responded to a plea from the U.S. postal service for someone to carry mail across California"s Sierra Nevada range in mid-winter, a route that lay under as much as twenty feet of snow. Thompson made the ninety-mile trip across 10,000-foot passes in three days. He continued to deliver mail this way until the transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869.

Thompson"s legendary treks inspired many miners to take up ski racing as a diversion during long snowbound winters. They experimented with "dope"-early ski wax concocted from cedar oil , tar, beeswax, sperm, and other ingredients-to coax more speed out of their skis. In 1867, the town of La Porte, California, formed the nation"s first ski club . Norwegian immigrants also introduced ski jumping to the United States in the 1880s, and in 1888, Ishpeming, Michigan, hosted the first formal skijumping tournament held in America. In 1904, jumpers and cross-country skiers founded the National Ski Association, which now encompasses all aspects of the sport.

The "Nordic" events of ski jumping and cross- country skiing dominated U.S. slopes until the 1920s. In that decade, "Alpine" or downhill skiing began to make inroads, fanned in part by skiing enthusiasm among Ivy League college students. Wealthy Americans often sent their sons to Europe between high school and college, and some returned with an interest in the downhill. Dartmouth College, where the first outings club was founded in 1909, hired a series of Bavarian ski coaches who encouraged this trend. In 1927, Dartmouth racers staged the first modern American downhill race on a carriage road on Mt. Moosilauke, New Hampshire.

Downhill skiing and technological change fed each other. The invention of the steel edge in 1928 made it easier to ski on hard snow, leading to better control and faster speeds. The development of the ski lift helped popularize "downhill-only" skiing, which broadened the sport"s appeal. (The rope tow, introduced to the United States in Woodstock, Vermont, in 1934, was simple, quick, and cheap.) Since Alpine skiers no longer had to walk uphill, they could use stiffer boots and bindings that attached firmly to the heel. These, in turn, allowed for unprecedented control and made possible the parallel turn.

By the late 1920s, skiing"s commercial possibilities were becoming apparent. The first ski shop opened in Boston in 1926, and an inn in Franconia, New Hampshire, organized the first ski school three years later. Railroads began to sponsor ski trains and used their vast publicity networks to promote the sport. In the 1930s, skiing spread swiftly across New England and upstate New York, and in 1932 Lake Placid, New York, hosted the Third Winter Olympics. In 1936, a new resort in Sun Valley, Idaho, introduced chair lifts, swimming pools, private cottages, and other glamorous touches. The brainchild of W. Averell Harriman, president of the Union Pacific Rail-road, Sun Valley foreshadowed the development of ski resorts across the country.

World War II further accelerated the popularization of Alpine skiing in the United States. The Tenth Mountain Division drafted many of the nation"s best skiers and trained others for ski mountaineering in Europe. After the war, veterans of the unit joined the National Ski Patrol and established the nation"s first major Alpine ski areas. Meanwhile, the division"s surplus equipment was sold to the general public, giving newcomers an affordable way to take up the sport.

The surge in skiers on postwar slopes led inevitably to changes in technique. As large numbers of skiers began turning in the same spots, fields of "moguls" or snow bumps appeared, requiring tighter turns. The new skiers also demanded more amenities, and resort developers responded by installing high-capacity, high-speed lifts and mechanically grooming slopes. Some tried to lure intermediate skiers by cutting wide, gentle swaths through the trees from the top of the mountain to the bottom.

In the 1970s, such practices increasingly brought resort developers into head-on conflict with environmentalists. The environmental movement and the decade"s fitness boom also led to the rediscovery of cross-country skiing. New equipment, which combined attributes of Alpine and Nordic gear, opened the new field of "telemark" or cross-country downhill skiing. Some skiers began hiring helicopters to drop them on otherwise inaccessible mountaintops.

In the postwar years, Americans began to challenge Europeans in international competitions. In 1948, Gretchen Fraser became the first American to win an Olympic gold medal in skiing, and in 1984, the United States collected an unprecedented three gold medals. When Squaw Valley, California, hosted the Winter Olympics in 1960, ski racing was televised live for the first time in the United States and it soon emerged as a popular spectator sport. Its popularity was propelled by gutsy and likeable stars such as Picabo Street, the freckle-faced racer who recovered from a crash and concussion in 1998 to win a gold medal in the downhill Super G.

Although Alpine and Nordic skiing remained popular in the 1980s and 1990s, they increasingly competed for space on the slopes with new variations like snow-boarding, mogul skiing, tree skiing, aerial freestyle, slope-style (riding over jumps, rails, and picnic tables), and half-pipe (in which skiers or snowboarders perform aerial acrobatics in a carved-out tube of snow and ice). U.S. skiers generally did well in these "extreme" events as they began to be added to the Olympics in the 1990s. In 1998, Jonny Moseley took gold in the freestyle mogul event, while Eric Bergoust flipped and twisted his way to a gold medal in the aerial freestyle. In 2002, the U.S. team captured silver in the men"s and women"s moguls and in the men"s aerial freestyle.

Extreme sports

Extreme sports (also called action sports , aggro sports , and adventure sports ) are a popular term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of inherent danger.These activities often involve speed, height, a high level of physical exertion, and highly specialized gear.

The definition of an extreme sport is not exact and the origin of the term is unclear, but it gained popularity in the 1990s when it was picked up by marketing companies to promote the X Games .

While use of the term "extreme sport" has spread far and wide to describe a multitude of different activities, exactly which sports are considered "extreme" is debatable. There are however several characteristics common to most extreme sports. While not the exclusive domain of youth, extreme sports tend to have a younger-than-average target demographic. Extreme sports are rarely sanctioned by schools. Extreme sports tend to be more solitary than traditional sports (Rafting and paintballing are notable exception, as they are done in teams.) In addition, beginning extreme athletes tend to work on their craft without the guidance of a coach (though some may hire a coach later).

Activities categorized by media as extreme sports differ from traditional sports due to the higher number of inherently uncontrollable variables. These environmental variables are frequently weather and terrain related, including wind, snow, water and mountains. Because these natural phenomena cannot be controlled, they inevitably affect the outcome of the given activity or event.

In a traditional sporting event, athletes compete against each other under controlled circumstances. While it is possible to create a controlled sporting event such as X Games, there are environmental variables that cannot be held constant for all athletes. Examples include changing snow conditions for snowboarders , rock and ice quality for climbers , and wave height and shape for surfers .

Whilst traditional sporting judgment criteria may be adopted when assessing performance (distance, time, score, etc.), extreme sports performers are often evaluated on more subjective and aesthetic criteria. This results in a tendency to reject unified judging methods, with different sports employing their own ideals and indeed having the ability to evolve their assessment standards with new trends or developments in the sports.

Classification

While the exact definition and what is included as extreme sport is debatable, some attempted to make classification for extreme sports. In 2004, author Joe Tomlinson classified extreme sports into those that take place in air, land, and water .

Marketing

Some contend that the distinction between an extreme sport and a conventional one has as much to do with marketing as with the level of danger involved or the adrenaline generated. For example, rugby union is both dangerous and adrenaline-inducing but is not considered an extreme sport due to its traditional image, and because it does not involve high speed or an intention to perform stunts (the aesthetic criteria mentioned above) and also it does not have changing environmental variables for the athletes. Demolition derby racing, predominantly an adult sport, is not thought of as "extreme" while BMX racing, a youth sport, is.

One common aspect of an extreme sport is a counter-cultural aura - a rejection of authority and of the status quo by disaffected youth. Some youth of Generation Y have seized upon activities which they can claim as their own, and have begun rejecting more traditional sports in increasing numbers.


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Сочинение про спорт на английском языке обычно бывает двух видов. Самая популярная тема такого сочинения (топика или topic) – важность занятий спортом. Также можно рассказать о широком разнообразии видов спорта. В англоязычных странах спорт пользуется большой популярностью. Так, американцы любят баскетбол и бейсбол, британцы – футбол, канадцы – хоккей, а австралийцы обожают регби. Чтобы рассказать об этих и других видах спорта в сочинении или статье на английском языке, придерживайтесь следующего плана.

План рассказа про спорт на английском

  1. Вступление

    В начале расскажите о роли спорта в жизни людей. Для чего люди занимаются спортом и смотрят спортивные соревнования?

  2. Важность спорта

    Расскажите, как спорт помогает людям поддерживать свое здоровье, как он объединяет людей, учит дисциплине и закаляет характер.

  3. Виды спорта

    Расскажите о самых популярных видах спорта в мире и в вашей стране. Объясните, почему, на ваш взгляд, эти виды спорта пользуются таким успехом.

  4. Ваш любимый вид спорта

    Расскажите о своих любимых видах спорта. Каким спортом вы занимались раньше или занимаетесь сейчас? Какой спорт интересен вам в качестве зрелища?

  5. Заключение

    В конце топика расскажите о вашем личном отношении к спорту: считаете ли вы его полезным, сколько времени готовы тратить на занятия спортом. Что спорт значит для вас: способ поддерживать здоровье, способ самореализации, просто развлечение?

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Полезные слова и выражения

Английский термин Перевод
Applause аплодисменты
Beat победить
Beginner новичок
Champion чемпион
Championship чемпионат
Commit a foul совершить фол
Competition соревнования
Contestant участник
Defeat поражение
Defender защитник
Disqualify дисквалифицировать
Fan фанат
Field поле
Final финал
Finish финиш
Football футбол
Forward нападающий
Free kick штрафной удар
Free ticket бесплатный билет
Game игра, матч
Goal гол
Goalkeeper вратарь
Golf course поле для гольфа
Match матч
Olympic games олимпийские игры
On your marks, get set, go! на старт, внимание, марш!
Penalty штрафной
Player игрок
Pool бассейн
Prize приз
Ready, steady, go! на старт, внимание, марш!
Record рекорд
Referee судья
Result результат
Rule правило
Score очки, счет
Spectator зритель
Sportsman спортсмен
Sportwoman спортсменка
Stadium стадион
Start старт
Stopwatch секундомер
Success успех
Take a break взять перерыв
Take part принять участие
Ticket билет
Tournament турнир
Trainer, coach тренер
Victory победа
Whistle свисток
Win выиграть
Win a medal выиграть медаль
Winner победитель
World record мировой рекорд

Пример рассказа про спорт

Today I’m talking about sport. Sports are nice physical activities that provide freedom from the stress and worries. Sports are the best way to get involved in the continuous physical activities. Also, it has a nice scope and professional career for the sports persons. It has the ability to give sportspersons their required name, fame and money. So, we can say that sports can be played for personal benefits as well as professional benefits.

Of all the sports played around the world today, which is the most popular and have the greatest benefits to society? In the United States, the answer is clearly football and baseball. Around the world, however, that title belongs, without a doubt, to soccer, or, as it’s often called, football.

My favorite sport is basketball. The sport of basketball is known as a fun past time for any person young or old. Basketball is a great way of exercise and a great way to have fun with friends and possibly make some new ones. I love to watch and play the game. Basketball is a very entertaining sport and can be played by anyone.

Sports nourish the life of us in many ways. It teaches us discipline and continuity in the work to get the goal. It keeps us fit both physically and mentally and thus socially, emotionally, psychologically and intellectually. It is the best way of entertainment and meditation in such a polluted and pressurized environment where everyone becomes ready to create problems for another one. It enhances the concentration level and memory power and fills the mind with positive thoughts. I think sports make our world better.

Перевод рассказа

Сегодня я говорю о спорте. Спорт – это полезная физическая деятельность, которая позволяет освободиться от стрессов и забот. Спорт – это лучший способ приобщиться к регулярным физическим нагрузкам. Также спорт предоставляет большие профессиональные возможности людям, которые им занимаются. Он позволяет спортсменам заработать себе имя, славу и деньги. Исходя из этого, можно сказать, что заниматься спортом полезно как в личных, так и в профессиональных целях.

Из всех видов спорта, практикуемых сегодня по всему миру, какие являются самыми популярными и приносят наибольшую пользу обществу? В Соединенных Штатах однозначный ответ на этот вопрос – американский футбол и бейсбол. Во всем мире, однако, этот титул без сомнения принадлежит футболу, также известному как soccer.

Мой любимый вид спорта – это баскетбол. Баскетбол является веселым времяпрепровождением для любого человека, молодого или старого. Баскетбол – это отличный способ потренироваться и повеселиться с друзьями и, возможно, завести новых. Я люблю смотреть и играть в баскетбол. Баскетбол – очень зрелищный вид спорта, и играть в него может любой человек.

Спорт развивает нашу жизнь во многих отношениях. Он учит нас дисциплине и последовательности в работе, и это помогает достигать поставленные цели. Он поддерживает нас физически, духовно, социально, эмоционально, психологически и интеллектуально. Это лучший способ развлечься и помедитировать в той загрязненной и давящей окружающей среде, где каждый готов создать проблемы другому. Спорт повышает уровень концентрации внимания и улучшает память, а также наполняет разум позитивными мыслями. Я думаю, что спорт делает наш мир лучше.

Видео о спорте в английском языке:

Эссе (сочинение) по английскому языку на тему: As is well known, going in for sport is extremely health-giving. However, many professional athletes suffer from diseases caused by intense exercises.

ЭССЕ (СОЧИНЕНИЕ)

Nice shape, great stamina, bulging muscles are the dreams of most people. These dreams may come true thanks to sport. Practice showed that strenuous activity is the most important stimulant of all the physiological functions of a man’s organism. This is a pledge of a successful development of mind and body. Regular exercises strengthen central nervous system, contribute to health and temper, making people strong-willed, purposeful, and active.

As any phenomenon of our life, sport has its reverse. It can do much harm to your health if using a wrong method. If a boy does exhaustive exercises every day trying to build up his muscles he just undermines his health, but not strengthens it. If a girl spares no effort to be fit doing everyday exercises she will hardly accomplish the purpose. Improper training will ruin your health.

To sum it up, there is no doubt that sport is healthy if reasonably done. If exercises are too much for you to bear they just kill you. But working out under instruction of a good coach is very wholesome.